Birding Binoculars

Binoculars Buying Guide

Birding is one of the most demanding uses for binoculars you will find. Birders demand a level of detail that virtually no other hobby or situation requires and need optics that cover a wide range of situations. Because of that, there are some very important things to determine before buying binoculars. Below, we list many of the specifications to look for when deciding which binoculars are right for you. Or if you are in a hurry, skip the explanations and go directly to the quick reference chart at the bottom of the page. First Things First: It is usually best to determine what you want the binoculars to accomplish before going shopping since they can vary greatly in size, weight, and function. A few things to consider: Intended Use: If you plan to do much hiking, a smaller, lighter pair is more appropriate. On the other hand, if you plan to keep them at home to view nearby wildlife, you can use larger, heavier optics that can be attached to a tripod. Geographic Concerns: Where you plan to do most of your viewing can be important. For example, do you need to pay more for water-, fog-, and impact-proof binoculars? Time of Day: For low light viewing around dusk and dawn or in a forest with a thick canopy, larger objectives result in a brighter, clearer image. The Shape of Things: Binoculars come in two basic shapes or styles: Roof-prism and porro-prism. Roof-prism binoculars are typically smaller and have a "straight-barrel" light path. Porro-prisms are the style most people see when they think of binoculars. There are very few differences between them when comparing image quality, but roof-prism designs are generally smaller and often more expensive due to a more complicated manufacturing process. By The Numbers: Other than the overall size and shape, the first thing most people look for are "the numbers." They define the strength and light-gathering ability of a pair of binoculars. The first number (to the left of the "x") stands for the magnification power of the optics and tells you how many times larger or closer an image will appear than if using the naked eye. The second number (to the right of the "x") is the size of the front lenses (usually measured in millimeters) and determines how bright an image will appear. Magnification: It's tempting to buy the highest magnification possible, but that's not always the best idea. High magnification can be less desirable because it tends to make hand tremors more noticeable (unless you use a tripod), results in a smaller FOV, and amplifies earth processes such as heat being reflected (seen as wavy lines). Higher magnification may also result in images that are not as clear and bright. Lastly, higher magnification makes it more difficult to initially find objects and to track moving objects. For birding, 7x or 8x is typically recommended. Objective Lens Size: This is the size of the front lens and is important because it affects the amount of light allowed into the binoculars. In most cases, the larger the front objective, the clearer and brighter distant images will appear, but also the heavier the optics. If you can foresee using your binoculars at dawn, dusk or any other time when there is little light, you will want to get a larger objective size. To give you an idea of how much impact this number can have, 35mm objectives will let in about three times more light than 20mm objectives based on pi(r)². More light usually results in a brighter, clearer image when all other factors (such as coatings) are equal. This is why most birders don't recommend buying compact binoculars and instead suggest something like 35mm or 42mm objectives. Prisms: The quality of glass used in prisms and how finely it is ground can affect the sharpness of images. The two more common types are BK7 and BAK4. Generally, BAK4 is more expensive, but considered better than BK7 for several reasons. One such reason is that BAK4 gives a nice round exit pupil while BK7 can produce distortion around the edge of the exit pupil as seen below. Coatings: Coatings help reduce glare and improve contrast, among other things. If you hold the large front objectives towards you and notice a funny color on the lenses, those are the coatings. While there are several different levels of coatings (as discussed in the FAQ), the best optics carry the term "fully multi-coated." Fixed or Zoom: At first glance, zoom binoculars appear to be a great concept, but most birders should stick to fixed-power binoculars because zooms do have some drawbacks and limitations. It's true that zooms are wonderful because you can scan an area and when you find something you want to see, you can zoom in on the object and see more detail. However, zooms can result in darker, fuzzy and distorted images and a smaller than normal FOV. If you decide to buy zooms, be sure to try them out first (in a store or from a friend) to see how they perform. Weight: Weight can be a big concern depending on how you will be using your binoculars. If a tripod will be used, then the sky is the limit. However, if you plan to take your binoculars with you on the trail, you will probably want them to be as light as possible. However, heavier optics do have at least one advantage and that is that they resist movement (e.g. from wind) better than lighter optics. Specially designed straps can also make heavier optics more bearable by taking the weight off your neck and distributing it to your shoulders. Look for optics in the range of 15 to 35 ounces. Price: Prices for binoculars range from less than $20 of an inexpensive compact pair to more than $1,000 for a top-of-the-line pair. This number really depends on what you can afford. However, that old cliche about getting all that you pay for is very true of binoculars. As we recommend in the FAQ, beginners can start with optics in the $100 to $200 range and then trade up as they progress. Conclusion: The above are many of the most important factors to consider when purchasing binoculars. However, this list is not comprehensive because we wanted to keep it short and simple. Quick Reference Chart: Good Better Best Comments Objective Size 35mm 42mm Depends* Larger size gathers more light, but weighs more. Magnification 7x 8-10x Depends* Higher mag. makes it harder to find objects (esp. moving objects) + other drawbacks Prisms - BK7 BAK4 BAK4 results in a perfectly round exit pupil and a sharper image Coatings Coated Multicoated Fully Multicoated Better coatings usually result in more enjoyable viewing across all conditions Fixed or Zoom Zoom Fixed Depends* Personal preference but fixed are usually better than zooms for birding Weight Light Lighter Depends* Heavier will be fine if you will be using a monopod or tripod Price $100-$200 $200-$400 $500+ You get what you pay for... * This really depends on your intended use of the optics.    Please review the remainder of the site for more details.

Bharatpur Bird Sanctuary

Bharatpur Bird Sanctuary in Rajasthan, India is a famous avifauna sanctuary that sees thousands of rare and highly endangered birds. Over 200 species of birds are known to have made the National Park their home. Winter (Nov - Mar) is the best time to visit the sanctuary when Palearctic migrants join the residents. An average day can still throw up many rare and threatened species like the Sociable Lapwing, Indian Courser, Imperial, White-tailed, Greater and Indian Spotted Eagles, Darters, Black-necked, Painted and Asian Openbill Storks, Common, Sarus and Demoiselle Cranes, Dalmatian Pelicans, Black Bittern, Greater Painted Snipe, Large-tailed, Indian and Grey Nightjars, Dusky Eagle Owls, Marshall's Iora, Siberian Rubythroat and Brook's Leaf Warblers. The 20 species of ducks, innumerable waders and raptors, water-seeking birds and approachable passerines all add to make Keoladeo a true birder's paradise.

Sarus Crane

About the Species

The Sarus Crane (Grus antigone) is the only resident crane of India.. Being tall, ca. 155 cm, it is the largest of Indian cranes. It is grey in colour with a naked scarlet-red head and upper neck. There is no clear sexual dimorphism.

Significance

Although it is not true, cranes have been documented as a species that pairs for life and this feature has earned respect for the birds in the range of their distribution. Cranes can also serve as an indicator species, indicating at a given point of time the availability of suitable habitats and health of the wetlands on which their very existence depends.

Distribution and Habitat:

Sarus inhabit open, cultivated, well-watered plains, marshlands andjheels and are well known for their ability to live in association with humans. They have been reported to nest in flooded paddy fields and marshes and are distributed in Nepal terai, and the Indian states of Bihar, West Bengal, Assam, Rajasthan, Gujarat and Madhya Pradesh.

Population

Although widespread previously, recent changes in the habitat have reduced the range and population of the species. World Conservation Union (IUCN) and Birdlife International have placed this species under the category 'Vulnerable' . In India, this species is included in Schedule IV of the Wildlife (Protection) Act, 1972. 

Of the estimated 8,000 to 10,000 birds in the country, 2,500 to 3,000 are found in Uttar Pradesh which has adopted it as the State Bird.

Threats

Changes in land use, e.g. extensive cultivation of sugar cane rather than paddy, and loss of wetlands are the major reasons for the decline of the species. Other threats include high-tension electric cables criss-crossing the habitat leading to collision and death, indiscriminate use of pesticides, poaching of adult birds for meat, egg stealing, capture of adult birds for pet trade and disturbance by the farmers in the fields during the nesting period Free ranging dogs, domestic cats and rhesus macaques can be a threat to the species. 

Introduction

Out of the world's 8650 species of birds more than 1230 are available in india. With subspecies included it may double the total number. Indian region with variety of climate and habitat zones (from sea level to Himalayan Everest peak ( Sagarmath in Nepali ), from deserts to rain forests) provide lot of food and shelter whole year in the shape of plant and insect growth which is main source of survival for avians. These features make India the paradise for bird watchers, and naturalists. Several thousand Kilometers of coastline and small to medium village tanks, riverbeds, jheels or bheels in Assam, unnatural dam created jheels all provide most suitable habitats for waterbirds...